Three chocies Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Three chocies - Case Study Example The company’s main mission is to organize information globally and make it accessible to all users in different parts of the world. The vision of the company is to develop a kind of environment that an individual or a company desires to create so that the company would facilitate the general public. The goal of the company is to simplify the lives of individuals by providing help in their respective fields. The company has brought a change in the management style in last 8-10 years. The company is conscious regarding their good management. Google always hire people who could derive significant benefits to the company. There are two major changes made in the management styles that are given below. A good manager is the priority of the company. The company facilitates the manager that has the experience, leadership skills and communication techniques. The company allows effective managers to work in it to ensure that the management is effective in deriving advantages that are mentioned in the goal and mission of the company. Good managers are the key to success as they set directions for the juniors to work. They set parameters based on the prediction and analyzing the conditions in the market (Draft, 2015). Google has start hiring the employees that have predicted and innovative mind. It is mentioned by the company that they hire on qualification but to some extent. They usually notice whether the employee can predict and allow the company to prevail in international markets by providing effective service. It is clearly mentioned in the company that they appoint a person with their skills and capabilities rather than his high qualification. Their perspective is to the employee an individual that can predict the situation that could be faced by the company in future (Draft, 2015). The company believes that it is essential to maintain proper checks and balances on

Surrealism artistic movement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Surrealism artistic movement - Essay Example The essay "Surrealism artistic movement" concerns the surrealism movement. The main political factor of the movement is the political situation after the war: political instability in France and other European countries. The main economic factor of surrealism development is the postwar economic crisis in Europe and world economic crisis after 1929. This situation led to the social factor of surrealism development: people’s uncertainty in present day and in future and their aspiration to escape from reality – surrealism gave people the possibility to open unreal and ideal world. There are many representatives of surrealism, but the most significant among them are Breton, Salvador Dali and Rene Magritte. Bretom was one of the founders of the movement. He, â€Å"as the leader of the Surrealist movement, not only published its most thorough explanations of its techniques, aims and ideas, but was the individual who drew in, and expelled, writers, artists and thinkers† . In his writings (Second Surrealist Manifesto, Nadja, Mad Love, etc.) he explained his ideas and thoughts. In 1927 he joined the Communist Party. Salvador Dali was a famous Spanish painter. His father was a notary. In 1929 Dali joined the Surrealist group in Paris. He was an author of more than 1500 paintings. Rene Magritte. His career as a Surrealist began in 1926 when â€Å"Magritte produced his first surrealist painting, Le jockey perdu, and held his first exhibition in Brussels in 1927†. Then he moved to Paris and joined the surrealistic group.

How Sleeping Hours Affect Students Studies

How Sleeping Hours Affect Students Studies STATISTICAL TECHNIQUES FOR BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE I HOW SLEEPING HOURS AFFECT STUDENTS’ STUDIES IN UTAR PERAK CAMPUS FACULTY OF ARTS AND SOCIAL SCIENCE TITLE : HOW SLEEPING HOURS AFFECTS STUDENTS’ STUDIES IN UTAR PERAK CAMPUS Index Abstract Sleep deprivation and poor sleep quality affect the study performances of students. The purpose of this statistical study is to determine whether the amount of sleeping hours affect the students’ studies of UTAR Perak Campus. It is hypothesized that participants who have lower sleep deprivation and higher sleep quality will perform better in their studies than those who experience higher sleep deprivation and lower sleep quality. Introduction According to Gilbert and Weaver (2010), human bodies require not only basic needs of air, water and food to function well but also sufficient sleep as it is important for learning, memory consolidation, critical thinking and decision making. For optimal functioning in academic, sleep is essential. Sleep deprivation is now widely recognized as one of the significant public health issues not only among students but people of all ages and groups. Some shows excessive sleepiness and this is then related to not the quantity of sleep obtained but the quality of sleep. (Gilbert Weaver, 2010) Both sleep deprivation and poor sleep quality are prominent among students because often they have irregular sleep patterns due to the workloads from their study schedule and also clubs’ activities. This resulted in them having short sleep lengths in the weekdays and also later wake-up time on weekends. (Gilbert Weaver, 2010) It is recognized by university psychologists that student academic performance is being negatively affected by poor sleep quality and/or sleep deprivation. Though depression is also one of the factor that affects academic performances of students, sleep quality may even be more significant of a factor than depression in affecting students’ studies. (Gilbert Weaver, 2010) It is found that impact of sleepiness on mood is large as higher negative mood states are being reported by students who fell asleep during class. Research Questions Will sleeping hours affect the academic performance of students of UTAR Perak Campus? Researchers want to find out how different amount of sleeping hours affect the studies of students. What are the factors that affect the quantity of students’ sleeping hours ? Researchers are interested in finding factors which will affect both the quality and quantity of students’ sleeping hours which will then leads to affecting the students’ studies. Will a students sleeping habit being influenced by friends and family? Researchers are keen to know to the extent of how friends and family will affect a student’s sleeping habit. How many hours of sleep do the male and female students need per day ? Researchers want to study about the amount of sufficient sleeping hours required by female and male students. What are the differences in CGPA scores of both male and female students according to the amount of sleeping hours they have ? The researchers are keen to study the differences in CGPA score obtained by both genders of students according to the amount of sleeping hours they have. Literature Review Sleep is very important to a human being’s health. The consequences of sleep manifest in both health and performance. The relationships between sleep and performance have been studied in many different fields including human science, medicine, psychology, education, and business and etc. Sleep-related variables for instance sleep deficiency, sleep quality, sleep habits have been shown to influence the performance of students (Lack, 1986; Mulgrew et al., 2007; National Sleep Foundation, 2008; Pilcher Huffcutt, 1996; Rosekind et al., 2010). According to Weitzman et al. (1981) , Delayed Sleep Phase Syndrome (DSPS) was defined into three big categories which are long sleep latency on weekdays (normally fall asleep between 2 a.m. to 6 a.m.), normal sleep length on weekends (usually sleep late and wake up late on weekends); and difficulty in staying asleep. These sleep problem is common and is present in students around the world. Results indicates that in the U.S., 11.5% of undergraduate students were found to have DSPS (Brown, Soper, Buboltz, 2001). Not only that , Australian studies found the prevalence of DSPS in students (17%) to be higher than in adults (6-7%) (Lack, 1986; Lack, Miller, Turner, 1988). Studies related to DSPS have also been conducted in other countries such as Japan, Norway, and Taiwan (Hazama, Inoue, Kojima, Ueta, Nakagome, 2008; Schrader, Bovim, Sand, 1993; Yang, Wu, Hsieh, Liu, Lu, 2003). Furthermore, In Lack’s (1986) study, the DSPS group experienced sleepiness on weekdays more often rather than the non-DSPS group. In addition, , it was found that members of the DSPS group performed at a lower level academically when compared with the non-DSPS group when course grades were examined . In a more recent study, Trockel et al. (2000) found that first-year college students with lower GPAs reported later bedtimes on weekdays and weekends and later wake-up times on weekdays and we ekends. On the other hand, the relationship between sleep and academic performance was reviewed in other studies . Approximately 103 studies related to sleep loss, learning capacity, and academic performance; samples were carried out among students in different university by Curcio, Ferrara, and Gennaro (2006). According to Curcio, Ferrara, and Gennaro (2006), sleep loss was negatively correlated with academic performance. Results indicates that sleep-deprived students performed poorly on learning capacity skills for instance attention, memory, and problem-solving tasks, and that the lack of sleep therefore indirectly affected their academic performance. Sleep deprivation is a term meaning loss of sleep Drummond and McKenna (2009) . Moreover, sleep loss resulted in daytime sleepiness that was also correlated with poor academic performance studies showed a significant relationship between lower GPA and lack of sleep among college students. The Multiple Sleep Latency Test was an instrument use d to evaluate daytime sleepiness, which has been used by previous researchers (Carskadon, Harvey, Dement, 1981; Fallone, Acebo, Arnedt, Seifer, Carskadon, 2001; Randazzo, Muehlbach, Schweitzer, Walsh, 1998). On the other hand, another study was conducted to determine the various sleep patterns in medical students appearing in various ongoing professional at Shifa College of College of Medicine, Islamabed and to find out relationship between number of hours of sleep before an examination with academic performance in relevant exam. Majority of the students had reduced sleep in exam days and its reason was found to be studying late at night before paper and academic performance. There have been various reasons for decreased sleep in university and college students including watching TV and using the internet. A study done in a Pakistani medical university indicated that 58.9 per cent of the university and college students the most common cause of sleep deprivation was watching television and listening to music affects the students slept less than 8 hours a day . In addition, stress, in university and college students, is also a very essential contributing factor in inability to sleep at nig ht. Consumption of caffeine , pain killers, substance abuse and smoking at night to keep them awake is also another trend seen among students. This greatly contributes to sleeplessness at night among students and affects their academic performances adversely. (Oshodi OY, Aina OF, Onajole AT, Omvik S, Pallesen S, Bjorvatn B, Thayer J, Nordhus H. Qureshi AU, Ali AS, Hafeez A, Ahmed TM ). Moreover, the study showed that students who achieved good grade (A, B) were those who slept for more than 7 hours but those who majority failed in exam, were also mostly those who slept less. However, a similar study done in USA showed that students who had struggling grades (C’s D’s / F’s) were those who slept significantly less than those who scored A and B grades ( Wolfson AR, Carskadon MA). According to the study, student slept an average of only 4.74 hours before the exam and females slept less (4.71+1.82 hours) as compared to males (4.77+3.27 hours ). This was similar to a cross sectional study done in Sao Paulo, which showed that boys slept about 390 minutes. However, their academic performance was not affected by the disturbance in the sleep cycle. Furthermore, another research was done with 103 samples of undergraduate classes of University of Minnesota.This study separate unhealthy sleep habits into two categories which are quality and quantity of sleep. In this study, the survey asked questions related to their sleep habits in term of quality and quantity of sleep which separately measured in order to break up the term of â€Å"unhealthy sleep habits† and analysed this topic by using a different method compare to past research. In this research, the researchers found that sleep quantity and academic performance are related. This research shown that have the relation between part of sleep deprivation measures for the average week and the average amount of sleep obtained in a night and GPA. This result helps the college student by practical applications. From this research, the researchers found that amount of sleep and academic success are positively correlated, although cannot conclude that sleep better, score better in exam. Methodology Participants of the Study There are 50 participants in this study. They are degree students from University Tunku Abdul Rahman (Kampar) who are from faculty of art social science (FAS), faculty of business and finance (FBF), faculty of information communication and technology (FICT), institute of Chinese studies (ICS) and faculty of science (FSC). Their age range is from 20-24. Besides, there are 5 male and 5 female from each faculty. Instruments Our questionnaire consist of 15 closed-ended questions and each question involved different level of measurement such as nominal, ordinal, interval and ration scale.Our demographic details are gender, age, courses of studies and CGPA comprised in the questionnaire. ‘Sleep measures’ consists measurement of Total Sleep Time (TST), Sleep Onset Latency (SOL), Sleep Efficiency (SE) and Wake After Sleep Onset (WASO). It is determined by the Cole-Kripke (1992). Total Sleep Time (TST), which is duration of time actigraphically-determined as â€Å"sleep† within a 24-hour period, including daytime and nighttime periods of sleep. Sleep Onset Latency (SOL), which is time used between getting into bed and falling asleep, calculated as the time used from the start of actigraphically-determined â€Å"inactivity† to the first minute scored as sleep. We only refer TST and SOL among the four measurements in our questionnaire (question 2 and question3). To measure the sleep quality of students, we decided to use the Adult Sleep–Wake Scale (ADSWS). It is a self-report pencil-and-paper measure of sleep quality consisting of  ¬Ã‚ ve behavioral dimensions, which are Going to Bed, Falling Asleep, Maintaining Sleep, Reinitiating Sleep, and Returning to Wakefulness. The questionnaire consists of time taken to fall asleep at night (range from 1 hour), the amount of sleeping hours required in order to function well on the following day (range from Procedure We are curious about how sleeping hours affect students’ studies, so we came out our research questions. After that, we set our questionnaires and printed out for the participants. We select randomly 5 male and 5 female from each faculty. Our questionnaire also include inform consent for the participants. On average, each participant took about 10 to 15 minutes to complete our questionnaire. Once they completed their questionnaire, we collect the data immediately. Data Analysis Figure 1.Amount of sleeping hours affecting students’ studies Figure 1 shows the CGPA scores obtained by students of UTAR Kampar campus according to the amount of sleeping hours they have. Students are likely to obtained highest CGPA score range of 3.50 to 4.0 when they obtained seven to eight hours of sleep per day. Figure 2.Factors affecting the quality and quantity of students’ sleeping hours Figure 2 shows the factors that affect the quality and quantity of students’ sleeping hours. 34% of the total of 50 students chose homework as the biggest factor that affects their sleeping hours whereas only 6% of them chose co-curriculum as the factor that is affecting their sleeping hours. Other factors include being night owls, socializing with friends and time management Figure 3.Will a student’s sleeping habit being influenced by friends and family. Figure 3 shows that 11 male and 13 female students stated that their sleeping hours were influenced by friends and family while 4 male and 7 female students stated that their sleeping hours were not being influenced by friends and family. Figure 4.Amount of sleeping hours required between different genders of students Figure 4 shows that 13 male and 11 female students stated that they require seven to eight hours of sleep per day while only 2 male and 1 female students require less than five hours of sleep per day. Figure 5 shows the CGPA score obtained by both male and female students according to the amount of sleeping hours per day. Figure 5 shows that 10 male and 6 female students who had seven to eight hours of sleep per day score an average CGPA at the range of 2.20-2.99 while only 2 male students who had the same amount of sleeping hours score the lowest range of CGPA at 0.00-1.99. Only 1 male student who had less than five hours of sleep had a CGPA score range of 2.20-2.99 and 1 female student who had the same amount of sleeping hours had a CGPA score range of 3.00-3.49.

The Controversial Predicament Essay -- Social Issues, Abortion

A pregnant woman patiently waits in an office for doctors to call her up. As she is called up, she feels very nervous and tense. She is told by the doctors to prop her legs on the bed as they get out their surgical devices. Several minutes later, she finds herself being operated for an abortion and sees her newborn being pulled out of her. Unfortunately, it is dead, lifeless, and decapitated. It is later discarded into an incinerator and the mother leaves casually to her home. This situation happens every day and it is seen as a common action like taking a walk. This occurrence should be condemned for the countless lives it has taken away. Abortion is remorseful because it is morally wrong, has negative effects, and promotes racism. There are many reasons for which abortion is morally incorrect. For example, in the bible, Exodus 20:13 specifically states that â€Å"you must not murder† (Bible 104). Influencing the idea to this topic, anyone can conclude that murdering is part of abortion. When abortion is done, the life of an innocent person is taken away. Another reason for which abortion is immoral is because even doctors recognize that what they are doing is regretful. â€Å"Nerville Sender, M.D., who runs an abortion clinic [even stated] ‘we know it is killing, but the states permit killing under certain circumstances.’† (Williams 38). An abortion specialist mentioning that he willingly knows it is murder shows that something is wrong with this picture. The reason for abortion being approved is because of the court case Roe vs. Wade. It â€Å"effectively legalized abortion throughout pregnancy for virtually any reason, or none at all. It is responsible for the grief of millions of men and women, and the killing of millions of unborn childre... .... Besides their rights being denied, science is coming up with reasons so that they should not be born. â€Å"Prenatal testing has become so sophisticated that doctors can now identify many disabilities before birth. But since most have no cure, the only way to ‘prevent’ the disability is to prevent the baby’s birth† (Williams 149). There is no good reason to kill a baby just because they have a physical or mental defect. Infants should not be culpable for being created that way and they should not have to suffer just because he/she will have adversities as he/she grows up. It is for these reasons why abortion promotes racism. Abortion is a horrific action because it is morally wrong, has negative effects, and promotes racism. There is no need to see that abortion is a necessary evil. It should completely be banned so that the lives of future generations can flourish. The Controversial Predicament Essay -- Social Issues, Abortion A pregnant woman patiently waits in an office for doctors to call her up. As she is called up, she feels very nervous and tense. She is told by the doctors to prop her legs on the bed as they get out their surgical devices. Several minutes later, she finds herself being operated for an abortion and sees her newborn being pulled out of her. Unfortunately, it is dead, lifeless, and decapitated. It is later discarded into an incinerator and the mother leaves casually to her home. This situation happens every day and it is seen as a common action like taking a walk. This occurrence should be condemned for the countless lives it has taken away. Abortion is remorseful because it is morally wrong, has negative effects, and promotes racism. There are many reasons for which abortion is morally incorrect. For example, in the bible, Exodus 20:13 specifically states that â€Å"you must not murder† (Bible 104). Influencing the idea to this topic, anyone can conclude that murdering is part of abortion. When abortion is done, the life of an innocent person is taken away. Another reason for which abortion is immoral is because even doctors recognize that what they are doing is regretful. â€Å"Nerville Sender, M.D., who runs an abortion clinic [even stated] ‘we know it is killing, but the states permit killing under certain circumstances.’† (Williams 38). An abortion specialist mentioning that he willingly knows it is murder shows that something is wrong with this picture. The reason for abortion being approved is because of the court case Roe vs. Wade. It â€Å"effectively legalized abortion throughout pregnancy for virtually any reason, or none at all. It is responsible for the grief of millions of men and women, and the killing of millions of unborn childre... .... Besides their rights being denied, science is coming up with reasons so that they should not be born. â€Å"Prenatal testing has become so sophisticated that doctors can now identify many disabilities before birth. But since most have no cure, the only way to ‘prevent’ the disability is to prevent the baby’s birth† (Williams 149). There is no good reason to kill a baby just because they have a physical or mental defect. Infants should not be culpable for being created that way and they should not have to suffer just because he/she will have adversities as he/she grows up. It is for these reasons why abortion promotes racism. Abortion is a horrific action because it is morally wrong, has negative effects, and promotes racism. There is no need to see that abortion is a necessary evil. It should completely be banned so that the lives of future generations can flourish.

What are UPS “Smart Labels?

Use the link below to view the Video, UPS and the Diad IV, then answer the following questions.https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1FTwCZ3bqRUNRpFKY9S6s24X3BOEyB30lZ8IWzlhL76c/edit?usp=sharing1. What are UPS â€Å"Smart Labels?† What role do they play in UPS operations?2. Write out the steps a package takes from pick-up by a UPS driver to delivery including the role of DIAD, the UPS Data Center, and the UPS Package Center.3. What role does wireless communication play in the UPS systems?4. How has information technology transformed the package delivery business?5. How does UPS’s investment in IT help it achieve the strategic business objectives described in Chapter 1?ANSWERS:1. Smart labels are bar-coded labels that are computerized to provide shipping information. Smart labels play the role of providingcustomer information for shipping. The smart label is scanned every time a shipment, stop, or delivery has been made so thatcustomers can track their packages from the starting point to the finishing point.2. The package is either picked up from the customer of the customer drops it off and then a smart label is created that contains all itsinformation like shipping information and tracking number. This information then has to be sent to the warehouse. The drive then has ahand help computer called a DIAD that he/she carries around with him/her to show them the routes and stops. They use the DIAD toscan the package which then sends all the information of that package to the customer and the data center. All packages are alwaysprocess through the package center before delivery.3. Wireless communication is important to the UPS systems due to all of the drivers information being held on the DIAD which gets itssignal from a wireless cell phone tower. In order to get information updated efficiently to customers and to the data center thenwireless communication is a huge role, also so that the driver has up to date information and can get any informatio n immediately ifsomething has changed to their route.4. Information technology has transformed the package delivery business due to it allowing a more efficient business because it allowsthe driver to get all information needed as soon as possible so that he knows if their is changes to his rout or pickups, Informationtechnology is also good for the employer to know the where about of their employee at all times. Information technology also savesmoney.

Rome’s Decline

Test Essay October 3, 2012 Question: â€Å"What were the main factors in Rome’s decline? Which do you judge as the most important? Why? † When we hear the word â€Å"Rome,† a very definite picture comes to mind. We see a strong military conquering a vast majority of the ancient Mediterranean world, Julius Caesar sitting on his throne, leading Rome to newer heights each day, and the highest, most innovative new technology being put to use as Rome grows stronger and stronger. Rome was a very successful civilization, as it lasted from 100 BC to 476 AD.For a 200 year span, called the Pax Romana, trade, entertainment, the economy, and overall satisfaction increased. This was a time of peace. Unfortunately, because of numerous misfortunes such as power struggles, inflation, military rebellions, and foreign invasions, even the mighty Roman civilization came to an end. Power struggle was a major conflict of Rome. After the Pax Romana, whose last king was Marcus Aurelius, emperors were continuously overthrown and killed.This was such an issue, that during one fifty year period, 26 emperors ruled and either resigned or were murdered. Out of those 26, only one died of a natural death. Because of the constant change of rulers, the kings lost the support of the citizens, since the emperors they were loyal to did not remain in power. The collapse in politics was the first step to the fall of Rome. The economic decline was the second step to the fall of Rome. Large taxes were put in place to support and fund the military due to corruptness.Because of this, a heavy burden was placed upon businessmen and farmers. With the majority of their income going to the large taxes, farmers were financially struggling. They could no longer afford their land, so they were forced to leave and work for large landowners. Money gradually started losing its value, and inflation occurred. The third step in the Roman decline was the military rebellions. Because of the constan t change in emperors, different groups in the military felt loyal to different rulers.This caused the military split and often rebel against each other. The military became so weakened and disorderly that emperors began to hire mercenaries. The final step in Rome’s decline was the foreign invasions from Germanic Tribes. Great Britain, Spain, and France were the first of the Roman territories to be surrendered. Rome itself was shortly after, and it was apparent that the largest and most powerful empire in the world at the time had come to an end. Rome was no more.

Wi-Fi

Wi-Fi In the early age of computers, transferring of information from one computer system to another was a mere physical task. Nowadays, wireless technology is making it easy for everyone to effortlessly communicate with each other free from the use of any physical wiring and making it very cost effective. It is now being widely used by many organizations such as schools, hospitals, business-establishments, airports, and government facilities. Because of the increasing improvement and the price consistency of this technology (Rabbani, 2009), Computer hardware is no longer a major barrier to wide use of wireless information systems. Prior to the advancement of the Wi-Fi technology and the computer networking systems, computer users used only magnetic removable media devices such as an 8-inch floppy disk to transfer data from one computer system to another. Users had to upload data to the removable device and literally deliver it to the requesting computer using a pair of sneakers.View of Ho llywood and Los Angeles from Griffith Pa...This method ended up being called sneakernet and it is still popularly used today by professionals and end-users alike (McMahon, 2003).After the advent of the computer networking system, it enabled end-users and IT Professionals to instantly transfer computer data through wired network systems without having to physically transport it to the proper destination. This involves using routers, switches, and hubs (Pavlou, 2007). By 1997, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineer or IEEE developed the first implemented wireless network technology called the IEEE 802.11 specification and since then developed other more-advanced standards based on this specification. This became known as the Wi-Fi standard and this revolutionized the communications system ever since (Burger 2010).There were three types of wireless standard that were certified by the Wi-Fi Alliance association, the organization that tests and certifies these Wi-Fi product s to interoperate with each other. These products were...

Behavioural learning theory Essays

Behavioural learning theory Essays Behavioural learning theory Essay Behavioural learning theory Essay Behavioural learning theories consist of two main forms of learning, classical conditioning and instrumental conditioning. I will briefly be looking at both types of learning and then talk about phobias and the exposure techniques used to eliminate them. Ivan Petrovich Pavlov demonstrated classical conditioning in his experiments with dogs. Pavlov rung a bell every time he gave the dogs food and the sight of the food would make them salivate. Eventually the dogs associated the bell ringing with food, so that the bell alone would make them salivate. He explained that there are two types of reflexes, conditioned and unconditioned. Unconditioned reflexes are those that are innate whereas conditioned reflexes were acquired through conditioning. Unconditioned reflexes are based on a connection between unconditioned stimulus (US) and unconditioned response (UR). In Pavlovs experiments, the unconditioned stimulus was the dogs sight of food and the unconditioned response was the dogs salivating. Similarly, condition reflexes are based on a connection between conditioned stimulus (CS) and conditioned response (CR). In the experiments, the conditioned stimulus was the sound of a bell ringing while the conditioned response was salivation (Gleitman, 1995). Therefore classical conditioning is concerned with the learning of the relationship between the conditioned stimuli and the unconditioned stimuli. Pavlov also showed that the more often the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus are paired together, the more the strength of the conditioned response increases. The pairing reinforces the connection and such trials are called reinforced trials. Likewise, if the unconditioned stimulus is presented without the conditioned stimulus then the conditioned response gradually weakens. This is known an unreinforced trial. This will eventually lead to extinction whereby the conditioned reaction is undone and therefore the conditioned response disappears (Gleitman, 1995). However, the conditioned response can be resurrected through reconditioning. This typically needs fewer reinforced trials to bring the conditioned response to its previous strength because there is a spontaneous recovery (i. e. he conditioned response was masked rather than abolished during extinction). Conditioned responses can be suppressed through fear, which is known as response suppression. This may be one cause of why phobias develop. For example, someone who gets bitten by a snake may develop a very intense fear (or phobia) of snakes. Instrumental conditioning (also known as operant conditioning) is a form of learning whereby a reinforcer (reward) is only given once the correct instrumental response has been performed. Edward L. Thorndike proposed a theory known as the Law of Effect. In this he explained that responses that are followed by a reward (positive reinforcement) are strengthened and responses that are followed by no reward or punishment (negative reinforcement) are weakened. This is supported by the theory of evolution. Those that choose the best responses will have a better chance of survival (Gleitman, 1995). Phobias are a type of anxiety disorder which are characterised by an intense and irrational fear of an object or situation. The sufferer is usually aware of this irrationality, but continues to be afraid. Phobic people are always preoccupied with their phobia and avoiding the particular objects or situations that frighten them. Avoiding those particular objects or situations does not always help minimise the problem. This is because most of the time, the phobia tends to extend to other similar stimulus. For example, a person who fears leopards may also fear cats, spotted objects or even parts of the city where the zoo is located (Gleitman, 1995). One mechanism which explains why phobias develop is that chance association of ideas lead to fears. For example, a child that is told that goblins come by at night may develop a fear of the dark (Locke, 1690 in Gleitman, 1995). Many modern theorists explain that phobias derive from classical conditioning, where the feared object is the conditioned stimulus. An example would be a fear of snakes after a snake bite (Wolpe, 1958 in Gleitman, 1995). This theory also explains why phobias tend to expand. If a person who is conditioned to fear a particular stimulus encounters the stimulus in a different context, then that person will be conditioned to fear the new stimuli. There are two main types of phobias, specific and social. Social phobias are a fear of embarrassment or humiliation. Examples of sufferers avoiding situations include public speaking in case they falter or eating in restaurants in case they choke on their food. These sufferers may turn to alcohol or drugs in order to give themselves more confidence. Specific phobias, on the other hand, are a fear of particular objects or events. The classical conditioning explanation doesnt explain why patients tend to be afraid of only a limited number of stimuli. Phobias of snakes, spiders and heights are particularly common whereas phobias of knives, cars and electrical equipment are rare. If classical conditioning was the cause of phobias, then fear of knives and fire would be much more common as most people have been hurt by them. An explanation for this may come from the Preparedness Theory of Phobias, which is based on evolution. The theory explains that our ancestors had a built-in predisposition to fear stimuli that were dangerous to them (like spiders and snakes). Natural selection, therefore, favoured those that were innately predisposed to learn to fear these stimuli very quickly (Seligman, 1971 in Gleitman, 1995). To support this theory, experiments have been carried out in which nonphobic subjects were shown pictures of various objects. The pictures were paired with electric shocks. It was found that the subjects more often feared the pictures of snakes and spiders than the pictures of flowers and mushrooms (i hman, Eriksson and Olofsson, 1975; i hman, Dimberg and i st, 1985 in Gleitman, 1995). However, these studies have been criticised because it is not known what prior fears the subjects had before they participated in the experiment. Some investigators have used laboratory-reared monkeys to get around this problem. Experiments showed that the monkeys who had never seen snakes before become much more easily frightened by toy snakes than by flowers. As monkeys are our simian cousins, humans come to fear some stimuli much more readily than others (Cook and Mineka, 1989 in Gleitman, 1995). Behavioural therapy is a technique used to treat mental disorders. Behavioural therapists use classical and instrumental conditioning to re-educate patients. The treatment does not look at the causes of the disorder but aims to modify the sufferers behaviour. The more specific methods used to treat phobias are known as exposure techniques, so called because the patient is exposed to the phobic stimulus as part of the therapeutic process. Exposure treatments involve extinction, in which the classically conditioned connection is removed. One technique is flooding whereby the person is immersed in the fear reflex until the fear itself fades away. A person who suffers from ophidiophobia (snake phobia) may be placed in a room full of harmless snakes until the fear is extinguished. Some phobic reactions are so strong that the flooding is done in the patients mind rather than in real life. This is known as implosion therapy. Some patients cannot handle flooding so an alternative technique that is used is systematic desensitisation (Wolpe, 1958 in Gleitman, 1995). This tries to remove any anxiety connected to various stimuli by a gradual process of counter-conditioning (Watson, 1924 in phobialist. com/treat. html) to a response incompatible with fear, usually muscular relaxation. The first stage of the therapy involves getting the patient relaxed through meditation and untensing exercises. The explanation for this is that relaxation is incompatible with feeling fearful or having anxiety and therefore the relaxation response counters the fear response. In the second stage, the patient constructs an anxiety hierarchy. Fear situations are arranged from least to most threatening. In the final step, known as desensitisation, the patient imagines each situation on the hierarchy while practising relaxation techniques, until all the situations have been dealt with successfully. Biofeedback instrumentation is often used to ensure that the patient is truly well-relaxed before going to the next higher situation in the anxiety hierarchy. Several indexes have been used in this approach including pulse rate, respiration rate and electro-dermal responses. An example of a hierarchy would be when treating snake phobias. First, the patient may imagine a ball of string and then imagine a worm and handling a worm. They will then progress to visualising a snake and finally handling a snake. When this is done and the patient is relaxed with this, the patient may then attempt to actually handle a snake in real life (Gleitman, 1995). Sometimes, this process is paired with modelling. In modelling, the patient observes others in the presence of the phobic stimulus. The models would be responding with relaxation rather than fear. This encourages the patient to imitate the models and thereby relieve their phobia. In conclusion, the behavioural learning theory uses conditioning to explain why people develop mental disorders. Therefore, behaviourists try to treat phobias by reconditioning a patient so that their conditioned response (phobic response) is changed or removed. The types of methods used to do this include flooding, implosion therapy and systematic desensitisation. There are different views as to why people develop phobias. One view is that people become conditioned to fear certain stimuli due to past experiences or hearing stories. However, this does not explain why people tend to be prone to certain kinds of phobias more than others. The biological view for phobias may give a better explanation in that due to evolution, humans have inherited fear of certain stimuli that were dangerous to our ancestors (e. g. snakes).

Sociology and the Power of Sanctions in Compliance

Sociology and the Power of Sanctions in Compliance Sanctions, as defined within sociology, are ways of enforcing compliance with social norms. Sanctions are positive when they are used to celebrate conformity and negative when they are used to punish or discourage nonconformity. Either way, the use of sanctions and the outcomes they produce are used to encourage our conformity with social norms. For example, an individual who behaves appropriately in a given setting by being polite, socially engaged, or patient could be sanctioned with social approval. An individual who chooses to behave inappropriately by acting out of turn, saying or doing strange or unkind things, or expressing rudeness or impatience may be sanctioned with disapproval, expulsion, or more severe consequences, depending on the situation. How Sanctions Relate to Social Norms Social norms are expected behaviors that are agreed upon by a social group. Social norms are part of society as a whole (like using money as a tool for exchange) and of smaller groups (like wearing a business suit in a corporate setting). Social norms are thought to be necessary for social cohesion and interaction; without them, we could live in a chaotic, unstable, unpredictable, and noncooperative world. In fact, without them, we might not have a society. Societies, cultures, and groups often use sanctions to enforce compliance with their desired social norms. When an individual conforms- or does not conform- to the social norms, he or she may receive sanctions (consequences). In general, sanctions for conformity are positive while sanctions for nonconformity are negative. They can be informal sanctions such as shunning, humiliation, accolades, or awards to help shape the way individuals and institutions behave. Internal and External Sanctions Sanctions can be internal or external. Internal sanctions are consequences imposed by the individual, based on compliance with social norms. For example, an individual might suffer from embarrassment, shame, or depression as a result of noncompliance and associated exclusion from social groups. Imagine a child who decides to challenge social norms and authorities by stealing a candy bar from a store. Not being caught and without external sanctions, the child may feel miserable from guilt. Rather than eating the candy bar, the child then returns it and confesses guilt. This end result is the work of an internal sanction. External sanctions, on the other hand,  are consequences imposed by others and include things like expulsion from an organization, public humiliation, punishment by parents or elders, and arrest and imprisonment, and more. If a person breaks into and robs a store and is caught, there will be an arrest, an accusation of a crime, a court trial and the likelihood of being found guilty, and maybe jail time. What happens after the person is caught ​is a series of state-based external sanctions.​​​ Formal and Informal Sanctions Sanctions can be formal or informal. Formal sanctions are imposed through formal means by institutions or organizations upon other institutions, organizations, or upon individuals. They can be legal or based on an institutions formal code of rules and ethics. A nation that fails to comply with international law may be sanctioned, meaning that economic opportunities are withheld, assets are  frozen, or trade relationships are ended. Likewise, a student who plagiarizes a written assignment or cheats on a test may be sanctioned by the school with academic probation, suspension, or expulsion. To expand on the former example,  a nation that refuses to comply with an international ban on building nuclear weapons will face economic sanctions from nations that comply with the ban. As a result, the noncompliant country loses income, international status, and opportunities for growth as a result of the sanction. Informal sanctions are imposed by individuals or groups upon other individuals or groups without the use of a formal, institutional system. Scornful looks, shunning, boycotts, and other actions are forms of informal sanctioning. Take the example of a corporation whose products are made in factories in which child labor and abusive practices are rampant. Customers who object to this practice organize a boycott against the corporation. The corporation loses customers, sales, and income as a result of informal sanction.

Applied linguistics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Applied linguistics - Essay Example The input that a learner receives has been identified as a major contributor that affects the acquisition of a second language. The importance of the input given to a learner was emphasized by Stephen Krashen who advocated for comprehensible input as the solution to acquisition of a second language (Hunston & Oakey, 2010). Input is invariably determined by the amount of time granted to the learner and thus the longer the time allocated the better a learner becomes in speaking a second language. Input can be enhanced by personal reading habits of the learner (Ortega, 2009, p. 60). Learners who are committed to reading books written in the second language of choice are at a better place than their non-reading counterparts are in speaking the language fluently. Voluntary reading of books can be termed as one of the best-input tools, and the results justify the significance of input in the learning process (Hunston & Oakey, 2010). The importance of the type of input in the acquisition of a second language cannot be overemphasized as grammatically sequenced processes have been found to be ineffective. The use of sequencing should be limited and the process should be limited to individual learner’s abilities. However, input is not the only solution in the learning process and more alternatives have to be accommodated. ... might undergo significant lessons in language their communication might not be as sharp as that of those learning the language in France or a French-speaking nation. The interaction hypothesis emphasizes on the conditions that are present during the learning process. The interaction of a learner in the second language is crucial in developing fluency and deeper understanding of the actual meaning of certain words. Interaction entails using the language in day-to-day activities. The interaction phase is conducive when there is some sort of breakdown in the communication and a learner is forced to negotiate for the meaning (Ortega, 2009, p.63). This insinuates that for communication to be successful a learner should be in a surrounding where they can use the second language in their activities. The interaction phase is important in helping learners in simplifying input and pushing them to modify parts of their speech. The output hypothesis plays an important role in a person’s a ttempt of learning a second language. The output process essentially assists learners of a language by providing them with the necessary feedback (Hunston & Oakey, 2010). The output of the process should be comprehensible to the learner for maximized automation of their knowledge of the new language. Finally, the importance of the output hypothesis in the process of acquiring a second language is assisting individuals in concentrating on the form and nature of their communication. The input process can also pose a challenge in SLA for example if too much emphasis is placed on classroom teachings (Ortega, 2009, p. 60). The teaching of a second language primarily in the classroom can be part of the hindrance to the acquisition process as emphasis is placed on vocabularies instead of literally

Factors That Have Enabled India to Become an Emerging Economy Essay

Factors That Have Enabled India to Become an Emerging Economy - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that the increasing competition and changes in the global marketplace have resulted in forcing the organizations to come up with new and innovative methods for increasing the market growth and share. Increasing globalization and internationalization have resulted in providing these organizations with an option to expand into international markets. On the other hand, different countries and international markets are trying to attract the organizations and foreign investment with the help of favorable policies and factors in order to improve the overall economic condition of the country. India is eyeing to become one of the powerful economies of the world, as it can be seen from recent past that Indian economy is showing rapid growth and is amongst the top growing economies of the world at present. India is the tenth largest economy in terms of nominal GDP and is amongst the top three (third largest) economy with respect to purchasing power p arity (PPP). The main reason behind this growth comes from various alterations and transformations made in economic, social and political practices of the country or in simple words by adopting reforms. This has lead towards creating a situation that country which was a few decades ago under the list of under developing countries is amongst the top powerful economies of the world. Meanwhile at present according to the economic survey of 2011-2012, Indian GDP showed a positive growth and is amongst the top three economies of the world that have shown significant growth over a recent past in terms of GDP. However given below are some of the important factors that are playing important role in the growth of the Indian economy. India has been able to grow and improve its economy by attracting more and more international business and organizations. The country is striving hard to provide the international investors with feasible conditions in order to increase the Foreign Direct Investme nt in the country. The economic, political, social, and technological factors all have been shaped in such a manner that more and more international organizations are investing in the country. The economic, political, and technological factors of India are attractive for any method of internationalization including; export based, nonequity based, and equity-based methods for internalization.

APPLYING MOTIVATIONAL THEORIES IN THE WORKPLACE Assignment

APPLYING MOTIVATIONAL THEORIES IN THE WORKPLACE - Assignment Example (Gawel, 1997). Individuals working within an organization have different needs and desires which need to be fulfilled in a manner that not only achieve the organizational objective of improved employee performance but also motivate them to continue to perform. Such efforts therefore require that there must be a constant effort by the organization to continue to motivate their employees through different ways and means including compensating them adequately for their work. (Mullins, 1985). Employee motivation however, may not only be associated with explicit rewarding of the employees through monetary benefits but an inspirational motivation can be the source of implicit motivation for the employees. In order to achieve this implicit motivation, inspirational leadership therefore shall be instrumental in achieving such results. It is argued that commitment towards work is a voluntary act and as such organization despite providing all the environment and necessary tools to perform may not be able to get the desired level of commitment from its employees.(Rabey,2001). This case study may also be attributed to this fact of not achieving the desired behavior from an employee despite the fact that voluntary commitment is there from the employee. What is therefore important to understand here is the fact that absence of motivation can often lead to the behaviors which may not be entirely in favor of the organization. Employee motivation and participation is often considered as following the crescendo effect in career motivation because with the passage of time, employees, if given the proper motivation through equitable reward and compensation, promotions etc, can quicken the pace of their commitment towards work.(King,1997). However, in order to achieve such motivation employers have to set up a just and equitable motivational system

Recycling Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Recycling - Essay Example For example, there are several similarities and differences of recycling between China and Australia when viewed in the lines of legislations guiding recycling, recycling of e-wastes, and water recycling. Chinaview.cn reports that the Chinese government passed legislations that intended to scrap progressive pricing of water since the consumption level of each household was unknown. Chinese law also proposed to boost sustainable development through energy saving and reducing discharge of waste products (Chinaview.cn). Similar legislations apply to the Australian laws that help the country to manage environmental pollution. According to Recycling International, the government of China formulated a law to govern the recycling of e-wastes. Australia does not only have laws governing the recycling of e-wastes but also regulates the amount of e-waste exports to China. The law commands for license and taxes to the individual manufactures of the electrical appliances. This move was to address the problem of increased destruction of electrical appliances by specific companies and individuals. The Chinese government established laws that regulate the pricing of water to consumers to avoid undu e exploitation of consumers. In addition, China formulated laws that enable the government to regulate the use of energy and pollutant emissions. China legislations on recycling encourage innovation in recycling technology through fund allocations to such projects. In addition, Chinese legislation on recycling provides tax relief to enterprises that use energy conserving technologies in their recycling processes. The Australian government passed a legislation that worked to regulate the exportation and importation of hazardous wastes as well as to ensure safe disposal for the protection of human life. The Australian law also advocated for issuance of certificates to individuals who intend to import or export hazardous wastes. The

System Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

System Analysis - Essay Example The problem underlying here is that an online system is required for the company through which it can sell/rent its products as part of usual business. Apart from the usual business, TWE can also provide various offers which will bring customers to use its services. Therefore, an online system should be developed to cater to these needs. Once the basic requirements are accomplished, we can even work towards getting more out of the online system. The details of what all the system can do will be explained later in the text. Specify Preferences - people who wish to purchase will be given user account. They can then login through their account and can create their wish lists according to their desired preferences. Here, we will also enable the user to purchase or use rental services from TWE. Rental Services - an option will be given to the customers where they can rent any video or music item even without specifying a due date. This will enable the customers to enjoy the benefits for a longer period without being subjected to late fees. TWE first started in 1977 as a music sales store. Sales were steady and profit kept on increasing. Thus TWE soon became a chain of stores. In 1981, a new product was added - video games. Slowly TWE became a joint music and video store. Through the later 1980s, TWE had many outlets nationwide. Hence it was decided to take it international. Since then, TWE has grown tremendously in national as well as international market. The current status is that TWE now employs 2340 employees and has world revenues of 1.7 million as of January 2008. The sales of TWE has ever increased but currently we will focus on capturing the market online as well. An online system further increases the sales of any company as it is available to a wider audience. Feasibility Study With the introduction of the online process, we need to take care of the feasibility. Operational feasibility - in operations point of view, there seems to be no constraints as TWE has a fine team of IT professionals comprising of developers, designers, programmers, analysts etc. Technical feasibility - the website will need to be developed using HTML as front end, and Oracle database as the backend. For the middleware, we can use any of JSP, ASP, ASP.NET etc. it depends on the programmers and developers how they want to design their website. Economic feasibility - initially website needs to be registered with the suggested name of the site. Depending upon the availability, the suggested name can be used for the website. This registration would involve

Crucial Stakeholders and Key Playes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Crucial Stakeholders and Key Playes - Essay Example This article highlights on some of the ways that communication plan and the software would be useful for the project leader. The communication plan helps in setting up standards for communication. The project leader would need to establish the standards within which the communication will occur. The stakeholders would also need to be aware of the course of the communication with the indication of how and when it will take place. The communication plan enables the project leader to set the scope for all the communications that are relevant to the project. The communication plan is also significant for scheduling various projects, within a period, thereby making the stakeholders to be aware of the progress. The SharePoint software package offers a framework useful for keeping the publishing content relevant to the project management. Further, the software is also efficient in proper management of time since it offers the option of a search engine. Time saving is important in any projec t management especially when there is need to achieve a mission within a given period. The project leader would only need to enter a search phrase in order to access any needed information. The SharePoint enables the project leader to avoid wastage of time when searching for any content. The SharePoint is also important in helping the project leader to manage every processes occurring during the project. The software offers workflows, which makes it easy to manage the firm processes. This will be important in supporting sustainable practices within the offices and the departments. The use of the SharePoint during the project would help the project leader in keeping track of any incoming or outgoing communication. The ability to keep track of the flowing information is important in ensuring that every stakeholder is aware of the ongoing processes. In proper management of the firm’s processes, the project leader would need a proper communication plan to help in ensuring consist ency in the communication process. The presentation of the communication plan to the stakeholders helps them to maintain consistent communication with each other. The stakeholders would need to follow the communication plan to identify any information about the project management. The communication plan helps in harmonizing the stakeholders since all of them have similar information about the situation of the project. The project leader also has the ability to make the stakeholders aware about any change in the project. Consequently, the communication plan helps the project leader to avoid delays associated with the stakeholders being misinformed. Further, the communication plan and the SharePoint software also increases the productivity of the workers. The establishment of a communication plan ensures that every employee remains informed of every activity included in the project. For instance, the project leader of the company would need to keep the stakeholders aware of the need f or their input in reducing the volume of the solid wastes by 50%. This calls for the need of a communication plan, which is efficient in equipping the stakeholders with the necessary information. The communication plan helps in restricting the stakeholders to the scope of the project since keeps them within a loop of project happenings (Turner, 2003). With the communication

System Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

System Analysis - Essay Example The problem underlying here is that an online system is required for the company through which it can sell/rent its products as part of usual business. Apart from the usual business, TWE can also provide various offers which will bring customers to use its services. Therefore, an online system should be developed to cater to these needs. Once the basic requirements are accomplished, we can even work towards getting more out of the online system. The details of what all the system can do will be explained later in the text. Specify Preferences - people who wish to purchase will be given user account. They can then login through their account and can create their wish lists according to their desired preferences. Here, we will also enable the user to purchase or use rental services from TWE. Rental Services - an option will be given to the customers where they can rent any video or music item even without specifying a due date. This will enable the customers to enjoy the benefits for a longer period without being subjected to late fees. TWE first started in 1977 as a music sales store. Sales were steady and profit kept on increasing. Thus TWE soon became a chain of stores. In 1981, a new product was added - video games. Slowly TWE became a joint music and video store. Through the later 1980s, TWE had many outlets nationwide. Hence it was decided to take it international. Since then, TWE has grown tremendously in national as well as international market. The current status is that TWE now employs 2340 employees and has world revenues of 1.7 million as of January 2008. The sales of TWE has ever increased but currently we will focus on capturing the market online as well. An online system further increases the sales of any company as it is available to a wider audience. Feasibility Study With the introduction of the online process, we need to take care of the feasibility. Operational feasibility - in operations point of view, there seems to be no constraints as TWE has a fine team of IT professionals comprising of developers, designers, programmers, analysts etc. Technical feasibility - the website will need to be developed using HTML as front end, and Oracle database as the backend. For the middleware, we can use any of JSP, ASP, ASP.NET etc. it depends on the programmers and developers how they want to design their website. Economic feasibility - initially website needs to be registered with the suggested name of the site. Depending upon the availability, the suggested name can be used for the website. This registration would involve

English Composition Essay Example for Free

English Composition Essay The term juvenile delinquent is best defined as young defender, or a wrongdoer. A person who transgresses moral or civil law. (Audioenglish. net) There are many different theories on the causes of crime and bad behavior. Youth crime is a major issue and receives a great amount of attention from the news media and many politicians today. A juvenile delinquent is one who continuously commits crimes. Usually a juvenile will sometimes commit the same crimes that were done to them to others. An example would be bullying in school. Maybe the juvenile was bullied as well. They also sometimes have mental disorders or behavioral disorders. Students who experience excessive suspension and expulsion are more likely to become part of the school to prison pipeline (Fenning Rose, 2007). Now being examined is the issue of the school to prison pipeline and trying to understand how students who drop out (or are pushed out) of high school are more likely to enter the prison system (Fine, 1991). Students feel pushed out of school because of actions or barriers put up by their school. The student may end up feeling like they don’t belong in school, or do not fit in, or they are not smart enough to be in school. This then pushes them towards the streets and into bad behavior that leads them to becoming a juvenile delinquent. According to Brownstein, the zero tolerance is a failed approach. This policy is used to mandate predetermined consequences for rule infractions, regardless of the circumstances; its initially aimed at making schools safe. The best way to prevent serious violence at school, the theory went, was to ban any and all weapons of threats of violence, and accept no excuses. Browstein, 2010). Zero tolerance policies may be contributing to teen violence. Suspensions and expulsions in public schools have increased dramatically. Between 1974 and 2006, the rate at which U. S. students were suspended and expelled from school nearly doubled from 3. 7% of students in 1974 to . 1% of students in 2006. It is estimated that over 100,000 students were expelled and 3,300, 000 students were suspended at least once in the 2005-2006 school year which is an 8% increase in suspensions and a 15% increase in expulsions since the 2001-2001 school year. Brownstein, 2010) Today schools are getting carried away with the zero tolerance policy somewhat. Instead of helping to resolve a simple conflict in which they would call home for, they are now calling law enforcement. Too many school incidents that can be handled by the school are now being taken care of by the police and courts. ( Brownstein, 2010) An example given in the article talked about how a Columbus, GA teen student was expelled for violating school rules by talking to his mother whom he had not spoken to in thirty days, on his cell phone while at school. His mother was on deployment as a soldier in Iraq. It is common sense that the choice of disciplinary action was extremely harsh. There is no way to justify expelling this student given the circumstances of the phone call. Therefore, this example surely helps you to see exactly how this zero tolerance policy is indeed failing our children. Trying to get you to understand that yet the policy is put in place to protect the school faculty and other students from violent behavior from certain students, it is also being used in incidents that do not need to be presented to law enforcement. Expulsion and suspension disciplinary action is not making our schools safer or more academically sound. In fact, schools with high rate expulsion and suspensions usually have less satisfactory school ratings according to the American Psychological Association. This suggests to me that it also contributes to children becoming juvenile delinquents due to harsh punishment and the things that they are currently dealing with in their personal lives. I will point out how African American students are suspended at nearly three times the rate and expelled at 3. times the rate of white students, according to the U. S. Department of Educations Office of Civil Rights. Latino students are 1. 5 times as likely to be suspended when compared to white peers. It seems that the white students get referred to the office at a higher rate than students of color for offenses such as smoking, vandalism, leaving without permission, and obscene language. African-American and Latino students are referred for discipline at a higher rate than their white peers for disrespect, excessive noise, and loitering. Brownstein, 2010) These behaviors you would think would seem to rely on subjective judgment on the part of educators. Maybe this is part of the reason why most students of color are failing in school and become juvenile delinquents somewhere along the line. They are hardly allowed the chance to stay in class if they are consistently disciplined harshly over fairly minor infractions that can be handled by the parents and teacher alone. Educators need to take the time out to think about what they are disciplining a student for, and how they are disciplining them and the consequences that lie ahead if you are too harsh. It is the same way when it comes to a parent raising children. You must know when you are being too excessive when it comes to punishment. Conclusion Promote the students positive behavior more and maybe the outcome will be different. Behavior begins at home. Parents come first when it comes to making sure your child/children act accordingly in public. It is a group effort also if you are taking on the responsibility of teaching someones child. You cant just give up on the child, or take the easiest route such as harsh discipline. There has to be a system put in place in the home and in the schools to turn around bad behavior to avoid our children being introduced to the jail system turning them into juvenile delinquents. There also must be a system put in place in the home and school to look at certain incidents that happen in school not all in the same light. How we raise our children will be the result you get out of the situation. Strive to raise them the right way, and educators should stop relying on law enforcement to handle what can be handled between themselves, the student and the parents.

Lactic Acid And Fatigue Health And Social Care Essay

Lactic Acid And Fatigue Health And Social Care Essay A large portion of the population, including athletes and coaches in this current era still believes that the limitations of exercise performance is due to lactic acid build up causing fatigue. It is a stubborn myth that stood through the test of time. This is a relatively  old school of thought  that has its roots in the work of Fletcher K [1]. Lactic acid was regarded as an end metabolite of glycolysis and elevates as an exercise intensify where oxygen availability decreases[2]. It was Brooks GA that started the Lactate revolution. He presented the lactate shuttle hypothesis in his work in 1986[3]. It was due to this hypothesis that scientists, even in present day, question the mechanisms of lactate or lactic acid in the body and its involvement in fatigue. This report will delve into studies within the recent decade, touching on conflicting ideas pertaining to lactic acid and its involvement in fatigue. I will further break down lactic acid into its biochemical components, lactate and hydrogen ion, and discuss studies which have contradicting beliefs on these components implication with fatigue. Finally, I will highlight on recent articles that has even challenged the underlying mechanism behind fatigue. Lactic Acid as a whole? Lactic acid was considered a metabolic waste. It is a by-product of glycolysis in the conversion of glucose to pyruvate. It was blamed for the burning sensation felt during and after performing a high intensity exercise which would then finally cause fatigue. However, the idea of lactic acid causing muscle fatigue has been challenged since the 1980s. For example, human deficient in the enzyme myophosphorylase showed faster muscle fatigue eventhough they are incapable of breaking down glycogen and accumulate lactic acid[4]. Studies on single muscle fibres showed constant rate of fatigue eventhough its pH was intentionally lowered[5]. It is seen today that many studies have challenged one anothers idea. It is important to consider all options before finally cementing a theory. Firstly, it would be unfair to blame lactic acid as a whole when it literally does not exist in this neutral construct[6, 7]. It expresses as hydrogen ions (H+) and lactate ions in the body [7, 8]. Several studies have and should continue separating these 2 entities and experimented on them separately to find its link with fatigue as either one, both or none of them could be the cause of fatigue. So is lactate the real culprit? It was long written in literature that lactate is known as a metabolic waste product. However, lactate is far from being a useless product. There has been growing number of evidence of the beneficial properties of lactate and this has tested the universality of the hypothesis linking muscular fatigue with lactate production. Lactate, being produced when glucose breaks down to pyruvate [9], allows continuation of glycolysis by generating the NAD+ needed in glycolysis[10] thus preserving exercise performance and delaying fatigue. With the presence of oxygen, lactate can be converted to pyruvate which could be converted to glucose. This process is called Cori cycle[11]. It can then be utilized or stored as glycogen, according to the bodys need at that point of time[11]. This makes lactate a good source of energy. Lactate could be cleared by oxidation in the muscle fibre it was produced. Oxidation of that particular lactate could also happen in other muscle fibres as the lactate is being transported. Those lactate not oxidized will diffuse into the blood veins and transported to the liver[12].Lactate is favoured by the brain and used extensively as a source of fuel[13]. Lactate was known to contribute to fatigue. Many studies nowadays shows otherwise, in fact, it has been studied that lactate may delay the onset of acidosis mainly via H+ reduction. In this review[14] and study by Robergs R.A[15] (supported by S.E Allen[16]), H+ were found to be carried out from cells by transporters and also be consumed by lactate. However, this statement has been challenged by Lindinger M.I., stating that Roberg ignored that lactate is an anion. Its increase would therefore reduce Na anions and thus increase H+ to maintain electroneutrality[7]. Although Lindinger might be correct, there are more studies supporting the opposite notion. A solid ground breaking revolution should occur when lactate is being administered to athletes via energy drinks, however many are still in the dark in recognizing lactates true potential. A study showed that lactate is utilized more efficiently with a greater extent compared to glucose or fructose and also enhances high intensity performance[17]. To further add value to lactate, it is found that performance decrement has no correlation with lactate production[18]. It is clear from the whole list of resources in literature that lactate is not a bad metabolic waste product and is actually beneficial in more ways than one, especially in delaying the onset of fatigue. Therefore, accusing lactic acid to be the culprit of fatigue would indirectly blame lactate, which is not acceptable when it is a beneficial component in exercise performance. So it must be Acidosis! It is clear among literature that acidosis has been under the limelight for causing fatigue. The lowering of pH in the muscle has been accused of causing the burning sensation and the decreasing muscle efficiency that comes with fatigue[19]. In 2003 a review by L. B. Gladden [20] states that RH Fitts [21]has evidence of a whole list of experiments suggesting that acidosis can have negative detrimental effects on muscle function by 1-reducing the transition of the cross-bridge from the low- to the high-force state, 2-inhibiting maximal shortening velocity, 3-inhibiting myofibrillar ATPase, 4-inhibiting glycolytic rate, 5-reducing crossbridge activation by competitively inhibiting Ca2+  binding to troponin C, and 6-reducing Ca2+  re-uptake by inhibiting the sarcoplasmic ATPase (leading to subsequent reduction of Ca2+  release). This may sound contradicting as there are resources saying that acidosis do not cause fatigue. However, it is important to know that the experiments explained by RH Fitts[21], are done in vitro and when the experiments are redone at temperature closer to those experienced physiologically, the said negative effect of acidosis diminishes[20]. In the recent years, experiments have been showing that acidosis has been far from being the cause of fatigue. Neilsen explained that muscle contraction causes acidosis, loss of intracellular K+ and extracellular K+ build up[22]. High extracellular K+  leads to loss of contraction force therefore fatigue[23]. It was found that acidification nullify the effects of the extracellular K+ that are linked with fatigue[22]. This is further supported by other studies[24-26] on the fact that acidosis has protective capabilities against muscle fatigue. Gathering all the resources, it would be safe and logical to say that since acidosis delays fatigue, alkalosis (the opposite of acidosis) should have an opposite effect thus cause fatigue faster. However, this was proven wrong in many studies [27-30]. Taking time to look at the whole picture of the studies, studies regarding alkalosis were done as a whole body model experiment (in vivo). Looking back, the experiments done on acidosis were not done as a whole-body experiment. Instead, it was done on single muscle fibre in in vitro situations. Studies from the past showed that acidosis can contribute to fatigue in intact human body or animal [31-33]. To integrate the studies from isolated muscle model with accordance to whole-body exercise, Cairns hypothesised that acidosis may improve performance in isolated muscle, high blood plasma acidosis may cause a reduction in central nervous systems drive to the muscle thus causing fatigue[6]. Another limitation that may affect experiments is that fast twitch muscles are more susceptible to acidosis[6] therefore experiments on a single muscle fibre as seen in a lot of studies regarding acidosis, might not give an accurate holistic overview of the reaction of a whole muscular body. Also H+ might interact with other unknown cellular changes in the body therefore slightly discrediting isolated muscle fibre experiments with comparison to whole body experiments. Overall, acidosis has been thought to be the main contributor to fatigue. However, recent studies in the last decade have been trying to contest the statement. In my opinion, it is rather early to disregard acidosis as the cause of fatigue, as in vitro studies are only suggestive. Future studies should take into account acidosis as a whole body experiment (in vivo) where hormonal and other physiological interactions are possible. If there are claims of acidosis not causing fatigue, then what does cause fatigue? So in substitution of the uprising hypothesis that elevated H+ is not the main cause of fatigue, there have been many competitors to claim its place. Supported by a study, Westerblad have been claiming that inorganic phosphate has the main role in fatigue[34]. Inorganic phosphate increases as muscle is being contracted and creatine phosphate is being broken down. However, a book by Fitts[21] challenged Westerblads idea, highlighting several limitations concerning the inorganic phosphate hypothesis. He stated that the studies did not assess the holistic combination of the resultant effect of an elevated inorganic phosphate with low pH and low calcium ion release. Also the effects of acidosis on peak power were not evaluated. Even Westerblad agreed that the study was done on a single muscle fibre and the result might be different when done with a whole model. He pointed out that studying on a single muscle fibre provides the most direct physiological responds when questioning the cellular mechanisms of fatigue. Also, claiming that the The differences that inevitably must exist appear to be mainly of a quantitative nature[34]. I believe that it is still early to refute the idea of acidosis not causing to fatigue. In the case of studies on inorganic phosphate, its role in fatigue is still in an early stage and should not be dismissed as of yet. Several questions have yet to be answered. However, creatine phosphate is after all only involved in the first 10 seconds of an intense exercise therefore queries of its role extending within these 10 seconds are questionable. Other than phosphates, there have been a large number of studies[22, 23] claiming potassium ions to be the main cause of fatigue. In this particular study by Cairns[35], he states We hypothesize that during high-intensity exercise a rundown of the transsarcolemmal K+  gradient is the dominant cellular process around which interactions with other ions and metabolites occur, thereby contributing to fatigue. The raised extracellular K+ causes a sarcolemmal depolarization, therefore disrupting the excitability of the muscle thus resulting in fatigue[35]. This is however contradictory to a previous study being done on rats[36]. In the study, it suggests that extracellular K+ is overhyped in previous studies on isolated muscles and that it is of less importance for fatigue. Overall, it is still hard to cement a theory as long as insufficient studies are done on whole intact animal models. This is however, being a case of isolated muscle studies versus in vivo studies. In my opinion applying Occams razor, acidosis should stay as the cause of fatigue unless proven otherwise with solid in vivo studies. Conclusion So to go back to the age old question, does lactic acid cause fatigue? It is important to remember that lactic acid disassociates to lactate and H+ ions, each with its own characteristics and interactions with the body therefore it needs to be addressed separately. Taking lactic acid as a whole and blaming it would be unjust and inaccurate. As of recent time, it will take time and effort to disprove acidosis as the cause of fatigue as many studies were done in vitro and results only suggest possible mechanism in the human body. I do however believe that there is no one main mechanism causing fatigue, it is however a collective effort of different mechanisms, few of which are possibly phosphate and extracellular K+, that contribute to fatigue. As of now, lactate is a good byproduct and acidosis still remains the main cause of fatigue.

UCTA law essay :: essays research papers

C. THE UNFAIR CONTRACT TERMS ACT 1977 The basic purpose of UCTA 1977 is to restrict the extent to which liability in a contract can be excluded for breach of contract and negligence, largely by reference to a reasonableness requirement, but in some cases by a specific prohibition. S.6(2) states that as against a person dealing as consumer, liability for breach of the obligations arising from ss.13, 14 or 15 of the Sale of Goods Act 1979 (seller's implied undertakings as to conformity of goods with description or sample, or as to their quality or fitness for a particular purpose) cannot be excluded or restricted by reference to any contract term. Exclusion clauses subject to reasonableness S.6(3) states that as against a person dealing otherwise than as consumer liability for breach of the obligations arising from ss.13, 14 or 15 of the Sale of Goods Act 1979 can be excluded or restricted by reference to a contract term, but only in so far as the term satisfies the requirement of reasonableness. The Act gives the greatest protection to consumers. Under s12(1) (1) A party to a contract  ´deals as consumer ´ in relation to another party if - (a) he neither makes the contract in the course of a business nor holds himself out as doing so; and (b) the other party does make the contract in the course of a business; and (c) in the case of a contract governed by the law of sale of goods or hire-purchase, or by section 7 of this Act, the goods passing under or in pursuance of the contract are of a type ordinarily supplied for private use or consumption. (1A) But if the first party mentioned in subsection (1) is an individual paragraph (c) of that subsection must be ignored. Peter Symmons & Co v Cook [1981] 131 NLJ 758 R & B Customs Brokers v United Dominions Trust Ltd [1988] 1 WLR 321. Peter Symmons & Co v Cook (1981) 131 NLJ 758 The plaintiff firm of surveyors bought a second-hand Rolls Royce from the defendants which developed serious defects after 2,000. It was held that the firm was acting as a consumer and that to buy in the course of a business 'the buying of cars must form at the very least an integral part of the buyer's business or a necessary incidental thereto'. It was emphasised that only in those circumstances could the buyer be said to be on equal footing with his seller in terms of bargaining strength.

A Farewell To Arms by Ernest Hemingway Essay -- Farewell Arms Hemingwa

A Farewell to Arms is a novel by Ernest Hemingway about an American ambulance driver in Italy during World War I, and the nurse, Catherine Barkley, with whom he falls in love. The story is narrated by his driver, named Frederic Henry. Whether or not this book is truly an anti-war novel is debatable, but it well depicts the effects an ongoing war has on soldiers and how the men try to numb this pain. Henry's close friend at the front, Rinaldi, forgets the war with the help of sex and seduction, the priest takes comfort in God, the Captain has humor and jokes about the priest, and almost all drink profusely, taking wine and brandy like water. But the most important and notable attempt to escape from the pain of war is Henry and Catherine's: they hide from the real world in their imaginary tales of love, then become buried in obsession with each other, but, eventually, they truly love one another. Mr. Henry meets Ms. Barkley (very appropriately) in the springtime. Rinaldi originally was planning on having a relationship with the English nurse, but forfeited her to Henry when he saw their mutual interest. When Catherine and Henry first met, she was carrying a rattan stick, and Henry asks about it. Catherine explains: "‘It belonged to a boy who was killed last year'... ‘He was a very nice boy. He was going to marry me and he was killed in the Somme.'" (Hemingway, 18) The fact that she is carrying around one of her fiancee's possessions shows that she is still mourning his death. Catherine, wanting escape from the grief of her fiancee‘s death, and Henry, wanting to forget about the war, begin their relationship. Since their relationship was born of a need for entertainment rather than real mutual interest, it started off as... ...the end the world kills you. Catherine gets a hemorrhage, and Henry pleads with God not to let her die. Before she does, she tells Henry that she wants him to have other girls. Even while dying she was thinking about Henry's happiness, a sure sign of honest love. Catherine dies, and Henry walks to his hotel alone, in the rain. Henry and Catherine both tried to hide from the pain of reality in each other. Their relationship started as a meaningless game, but as their need for companionship grew they became obsessed with each other and their love. Finally, when the fantasies and dreams were not enough, they literally ran away from the war together. In the end, even though their love started as a lie, it is obvious that they both held a true love for each other. Works Cited Hemingway, Ernest. A Farewell to Arms . New York: Scribner Classics, 1997. Print.

Describing Places †Seoul Essay

Being the capital of Korea since the 14th century, Seoul (ì„Å"ìš ¸) is one of the most popular tourist destinations located in the west of its country. Packed with countless sights and places to visit, ranging from royal palaces to trendy shopping centre, Seoul is a city with so much to offer that tourists might not know where to begin. The streets of Seoul are always jammed with people as there are endless varieties of restaurants, cafes, shopping centres, discos available at any time of day. Bright neon lights and catchy songs coming out from nightclubs attract young people and there are plenty of karaoke bar where one can have a great time singing and dancing. The mayor tourist attractions of Seoul are â€Å"Seoul Tower† (ë‚ ¨Ã¬â€š °Ã­Æ'€ì›Å') and â€Å"63 Building† (ìÅ" ¡Ã¬â€š ¼Ã« ¹Å'ë” ©). The 236.7m Seoul Tower sits atop Namsan Mountain, offering a breathtaking panoramic view of the city and the surrounding areas. It is so stunning that many visitors consider Seoul Tower the best tower in Asia. As far 63 building, it is said to be one of the tallest buildings in the world. It is a skyscraper situated on Yeouldo (ìâ€" ¬Ã¬ ËœÃ« â€ž), overlooking the Han river (í•Å"ê °â€¢). 63 represents the number of floors it has and it mainly comprises financial offices, entertainment attractions, observatory, restaurants which cater for all ages, the wax museum, a trendy shipping mall packed with brand shops, and a huge aquarium with all kinds of fish. Seoul provides entertainment and an unforgettably unique experience. Unless you witness it for yourself, you will never know the excitement it brings you, try Seoul.

Explore the presentation of Heathcliffs Essay

Explore the presentation of Heathcliff’s journey in Wuthering Heights, in the light of the Marxist Perspective. In Wuthering Heights, Bronti show’s Marxist view’s that ‘it is not the consciousness of men that determines their existence, but their social existence that determines their consciousness’. Bront? first published her text in the form of a novel in 1847. During this time England was influenced by Marx’s ideas, socialists in England held a conference in London where they formed a new organisation called the Communist League, the aims of the organisation being to overthrow the old bourgeois society based on class antagonisms and to the establish a new society without classes and without private property. Despite England being influenced by Marx ideas at the time, Bront? created Wuthering Heights: a mix genre novel with themes such as domestic realism, tragedy and gothic love, which were very much open to critic and discussion at the time. This shows the extent to how she was much stipulated in her ideas and therefore Wuthering Heights might not have been influenced by the Marxist ideas at the time. When Heathcliff enters in chapter four with no social or domestic status, emphasised by his ‘gibberish that nobody could understand’ suggesting his lack of social skills and ability to communicate; his lingual acquisition depends on his surroundings. Miles notes how ‘rather than a dual function there is an oscillation resulting in the name never satisfactorily serving him either way’, when he enters his name ‘serves’ him as both his ‘Christian name and surname’ immediately setting him as an outsider and determining his role because he does not embody conventions of society. Victorian Society was organised such that the base of the society determines its superstructure, everything associated with culture: education, law, religion and the arts but because Heathcliff is not an Earnshaw his status means he cannot access this cultural economy and he is ultimately rejected. His name therefore presents his inability to gain access and the extent of his exclusion, as Miles notes is ‘a constant reminder of the unsatisfactory fit between himself and the codes of a society denying him incorporation’. It is his status and his social existence that therefore does determine his consciousness. Bronti creates suggested possibilities that cannot ultimately be realised; when Heathcliff first enters he is referred to as ‘landlord’, yet is not given the opportunity to become an Earnshaw. Also, as Gilbert and Gubar note: ‘smashing Catherines rival-brother’s fiddle and making a desirable third among the children in the family so as to insulate her from the pressure of her brothers domination’, this shows the possibilities that Heathcliff might have been able to integrate into the Earnshaws and therefore society in turn becoming Catherine’s chance for freedom from strict social structure, but because of the base structure of the Victorian Society he is rejected. Perhaps the ‘smashing’ quote from Gilbert and Gubar refers to the ‘three thrashings’ Heathcliff had to endure, foreshadowing the idea that the only way he can become part of Victorian Society is in a destructive way. The first reason why possibilities cannot be realised is that Heathcliff is learning his social position: Mr Earnshaw calls him ‘poor, fatherless child’, Heathcliff is constantly made to perceive himself as poor, these social circumstances determine why Heathcliff is placed into the servant quarters and therefore kept separate from social events by Hindley, who is in power after Mr Earnshaw dies. Heathcliff’s access to the superstructure of Victorian society becomes limited, and even though Heathcliff ‘bore his degradation well’ this heightens his perception of himself as someone in need of charity, making him susceptible to charity or abuse. Perhaps the possibilities might have been realised if Catherine hadn’t accessed Thrushcross Grange: a place ‘carpeted with crimson†¦ pure white ceiling bordered with gold’, suggesting Thrushcross Grange’s wealth, status and a place that epitomises gentry and reflecting the Victorian connection of wealth and heaven. When Catherine is taken to Trushcross Grange she is introduced to a new social status, where she has ‘combed her beautiful hair’ and ‘pair of enormous slippers’, we see how her ‘consciousness’ has now changed as she has been introduced to Victorian Societies superstructure. It is only until this integration into the Heights that Catherine realises Heathcliff is not adequate for her. She is enabled access to the Heights because of her name and its association with economic position. Heathcliff is a gypsy and by ‘putting up the shutters’, ‘curtains half closed’ while Heathcliff’s looking through the window panes shows how the barriers symbolise Bronti presenting the strict Victorian Society which denies Heathcliff’s access to culture and education. Trushcross Grange becomes somewhat of a Victorian society’s ideal, a materialistic ideal. Catherine’s awareness of her social existence results in her new perception that she cannot marry Heathcliff because: ‘if Heathcliff and I married, we should be beggars’ Even though he is her authentic love and she hints at Heathcliff and her being inseparable she does not follow through. She has already chosen to marry Edgar; and so the novel can be read from a Marxist perspective as Catherine’s outlook in marrying Edgar is materialist as she thinks about social reasons and survival, as opposed to the idealistic perspective. Bronti shows how Catherine is affected my material circumstances reflected when she says she will be â€Å"queen of the neighbourhood† and does not chose Heathcliff, who can be seen as a symbol of her freedom. However, it can be argued that she never has a choice between the two as the way she is set to think is largely conditioned by the way the economy is organised. Bront? presents through the novel how this economy determines the superstructure and therefore even though Heathcliff stands for Catherine’s freedom it is Victorian society’s mentality that means people remain ignorant of Heathcliff’s potential goodness, who is instead driven away because he does not have the capital (money) or culture (education) to support her. So, Catherine probably is right in saying they would be beggars. It is their social circumstances that have determined much of their life and results in Heathcliff running off. Bront? creates this gap in the novel where we are unaware of Heathcliff’s situation which effectively creates a sense of mystery around Heathliff and and forms tension until his return, even if it be full of vengeance.

Personal Reflection Journal Entry Essay

During times of our lives we deal with stress. For instance, we stress about things from home, financial situations, and jobs as well. I know in dealt with stress in the past and also dealing with it right now. I try to find many ways with coping with my stress by exercising or doing other things to reduce the excessive tension. The term stress is the response of individuals to stressors. Stressors are events that threaten individuals and tax their coping abilities. I was in situations where my coping abilities where threaten. For Instance, last year I was going through a time I had major damages to my vehicle where I couldn’t drive for almost 2 months. I didn’t cope with it very well because I needed transportation to get back and forth to work; I was briefly going to school as well. During the 2 months all I wondered was, how I was going to get my car fixed and how was I going to come up with money. By doing that made things worst. Another stressor I’ve dealt with was, dealing with being unemployed for 6 months. It was times I coped with and other times I didn’t do so well with it. I didn’t worry about being unemployed at the beginning because I was fine financially and if I couldn’t find anything I could always reapply to my previous employer in 2 months. Things got worst when I found out we were moving once again and my mom didn’t have the money she needed to prepare to move again and started to worry me. The reason why I because, don’t like to see my mom struggle and as I embrace being the man of house I start worry about getting a job and coming up with the money to help my mom out. I attempted to try to get my old job back which I felt optimistic about the interview, but as I was waiting patiently for a phone call I never received one. So I decided to call them and they decided to go with another person for the job. I was very disappointed and lost focus on other things I had to deal with in my life. When I was faced with stressors, my body readies itself to handle the assault through a number of physiological changes. The term General adaptation syndrome (GAS) is the common effects on the body when stressors persist. The GAS of three stages: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion. My stress in my life caused me to loss my appetite at times, stayed to myself; and didn’t want to talk about my issues. The stress on my Immune System  didn’t cope very well. On the job dealing with being critique and major task changes lead to having migraine headaches and a more sinus infections. Environmental Factors whether its big or small produces stress. Life events and daily hassles are things we deal with regularly. One of them is the lack of study-time I had when I first started college a couple of years ago. That came about by me working crazy hours at work and I couldn’t my full effect into my school work which led to me not doing so well. Another daily hassle I’ve dealt with was not getting enough credit on my job for my hard work. I stressed over this because I felt like I was being overlooked for certain job positions and barely got any appreciation for what I do at my job. Another everyday experience that is stressful for me is conflict. Approach/approach conflict is conflict in which the individual must choose between two attractive stimuli or circumstances. My conflict was choosing between keeping my current car and getting a brand new one. I couldn’t go wrong with either decision I would of made because I liked both of the vehicles, my current was finally back in good condition, I don’t have to make payments and its my first car. The new car I looked at was a car I really wanted for quite sometime but at the end I decided to keep my old car and wasn’t disappointed with the decision and didn’t any regrets. Avoidance/avoidance conflict is when the individual must choose between two unattractive stimuli. I dealt with this when I had an oral presentation in high school. I was very nervous about presenting in front of class so I wanted to go last but I didn’t want grade to neither and their were times I didn’t want to show up but I decided my grade was important with through with doing the presentation and got A. That moment was very stressful for me. The approach/avoidance conflict for me was me deciding to eat Chinese food or not. Although it’s delicious but it was something I couldn’t eat because I was trying to lose weight. I handled giving up on well and lost the weight since I gave up on Chinese food. The daily hassles produce me into an overload and started to burnout. This term is a state of physical and emotional exhaustion that includes a hopeless feeling, chronic fatigue, and low energy. Burnout came about in my life when I was working full-time and going to school full-time for two years straight. My body was breaking down and I fatigue on a daily. So I decided to make adjustments in life and  made an unpopular decision by quitting my job and focus on school. That took less pressure off me. In conclusion, in the past, I didn’t cope very well with stress. I took two self-assessments based on I’m vulnerable am I to stress and Stressful events in my life. Based off the two assessments, it showed how stressed I was and couldn’t handle it. The things I do now to adjust stress in my life are that I start to think about the positive/negative effects of stress. I think over major decisions before doing it so. I made a lot of adjustments so I can have less stress in my life. If something major happens, I try not worry about it so much because I’ve realized things happen its apart of life. I managed to make adjustments at home, work, and school by getting things done early, stop worrying over certain situations and most importantly I started to enjoy life more and stressed less.